Rudyard Kiplings famous poem The White Mans Burden was published in 1899, during a high tide of British and American rhetoric about bringing the blessings of civilization and progress to barbaric non-Western, non-Christian, non-white peoples. In a striking Judge graphic, an Auto-Truck of Civilization and Trade lights a pathway through the darkness, leading with a gun and the message: Force if Necessary. Overladen with manufactured goods and modern technology, the vehicle is driven by a resolute Uncle Sam. White man's burden--1900-1910, - If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in Name: From the Cape to Cairo Material: Color offset lithograph Size: Unknown Date: 1898 Place of Origin: New York City Location: Unknown Source and Registration#: Created by Joseph Keppler John Woods Professor of Iranian and Central Asian History and of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, The University of Chicago Alexander Barna Anthropomorphizing nations and concepts meant that in an 1899 cartoon captioned "The White Man's Burden," the U.S., as Uncle Sam, could be shown trudging after Britain's John Bull, his Anglo-Saxon partner, carrying non-white nationsdepicted in grotesque . If you dont do it I shall have to. Udo Keppler,Puck, August 8, 1900. and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. His biblical title, which came from Matthew 4:16 (The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light), picked up on many pro-imperialist themes of the times. Published in Punch Magazine 28, November 1906. The message suggests that the indigenous man will be brought out of ignorance through the inescapable march of progress in the form of Western civilization. Weekly: https://gmu.zoom.us/meeting/tJYsf-6hpzooHtCcgUHFQlJ5Hy13bvsr3WDv/ics?icsToken=98tyKuCqrzMtE92Ush2DRowQBYqgKPPxmH5Bgrd-nxjQKwZibimjHvsTYbBpA8qD. U.S. Their uniforms are oddly reminiscent of the Revolutionary War that had seen them as bitter adversaries a little more than a century earlier. We had no design of aggrandizement and no ambition of conquest. On the contrary, they reflected intense debates about civilization, progress, and the white mans burden that took place on both sides of the Atlantic. This French cartoon eschews the romantic presentation in the preceding Puckgraphic and casts a far more cynical eye on Anglo-American expansion as fundamentally a matter of conquest. Source: Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscripts, Yale University. The U.S. must govern its new territories with or without their consent until they can govern themselves. Veneration of Britains treatment of colonies as a positive model attests to the significant shift in the American world view given U.S. origins in relation to the mother country. Spencer, David R. "No Laughing Matter. In a post-Bismarck era, Germany was a late-comer to the colonial land grab in Africa and the Pacific. | Print shows John Bull attempting to reassure Uncle Sam that the storm clouds labeled "Philippine Complications" blowing in from the right will soon pass; he gestures toward 1 print : chromolithograph. Almost thou persuadest me to be a ChristianActs xxvi, 28. William H. Walker,Life, April 25, 1901. Titled Dream of the Empress of China, the dream is an obvious nightmare, as the sardonic sub-caption makes clear. Barbarie Civilisation. Full caption: It's all a matter of perspective. Every week on Mon, Wed, until Dec 13, 2021, 33 occurrence(s), Join Zoom Meeting The Battle of Omdurman in September 1898in which British forces retook the Sudan using Maxim machine guns to inflict disproportionate casualties on native Mahdi forceswas followed almost immediately by the Fashoda Crisis with France, in which the British asserted their control of territory around the upper Nile. | Illustration shows Britannia carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advancing on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism". Source:Bibliothque nationale de France. 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3. Der Traum der Kaiserin von China (The Dream of the Empress of China),Simplicissimus, July 3, 1900. An Atlantic Triangle in the 1900s: Theodore Roosevelts special relationships with France and Britain.Journal of Transatlantic Studies,Vol. 2. Long-standing personifications and visual symbols for countries were used by cartoonists to dramatize events to suit their message. When rich tracts of gold were discovered, an influx of large numbers of British immigrants threatened to overturn Boer rule over these republics. For guidance about compiling full citations consult Long May It Wave. Looming on the left, the Eastern Question refers to the long-standing British confrontation with Russia in the Balkans that would soon extend to conflict over Britains Cape to Cairo strategy in Africa. Hurst and Blackett. From the Cape to Cairo. President McKinley at the Conference of Foreign Missions. The fallen man clasps the flag of the Philippine independence movement, inscribed with the words Give Us Liberty. His hat quotes the most famous phrase in the U.S. The satirical weekly, Simplicissimus, flourished from 1896 to 1967 with a hiatus from 1944 to 1954. The dignity of the bereaved Filipino in this cartoon is a stark contrast to the usual demeaning stereotypes of half devil and half child that Kipling endorsed and many cartoonists reinforced. Jean Veber,LAssiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901. Source:The Ohio State University Cartoon Research Library. Cutting of Africa at the Berlin Conference published in LIllustration, January 1885. David Ewing Duncan is the author of seven books including the worldwide bestseller Calendar. Dominated by full-page graphics, many issues were thematic visual essays developed by a single artist. The aggressors brought progress in the form of modern technology, communications, and Western dress and culture. The full sardonic irony of the rendering, however, resides in the dead occupants of the graves. This unit examines cartoons from the turn-of-the-century visual record that reference civilization and its nemesisbarbarism. Matthews, Roy T. Britannia and John Bull: From Birth to Maturity.The Historian,Vol. (In the 1900 elections, Bryan ran on an anti-imperialist platform and was again defeated by McKinley.) Ricard, Serge. Photograph. Expansionism promulgated under the banner of civilization could not escape being carried out in global military campaigns, referred to as the savage wars of peace in the third stanza: Such avowed paternalism towards other cultures recast the invasion of their lands as altruistic service to humankind. The U.S. appears to be carried by the Philippines, Great Britain by India, and Germany by Africa. What did the public back home know about the fighting of these far-off wars? In 1927, Mashonaland Railways was renamed Rhodesia Railways as efforts were underway to expand the country's rail system. Uncle Sam is to be Sacrificed: Anglophobia in Late Nineteenth-Century Politics and Culture.American Nineteenth Century History. Time: Aug 23, 2021 12:00 PM to 1:15 PM EST But just take a look at the class ahead of you, and remember that, in a little while, you will feel as glad to be here as they are!. In the final years of the Civil War, U.S. naval power was second only to the great seafaring empire of Great Britain. As the caption indicates, this cover illustration dismisses charges of imperialism that critics directed against American expansion at the turn of the century.Harpers Weekly took pride in billing itself as A Journal of Civilization. The barbarians depicted here are Chinese Boxers who committed atrocities against Christian missionaries. What are the motivations/justifications for this anti-imperialism? On June 21 the Empress Dowager Cixi declared war on the Allied nations. The cartoon links might with right, as the cannon is pushed and dragged forward by clergy identified by their headgear: skullcap, biretta, clerical hat, top hat, and distinctive English-style shovel hat. Imperialism--British--1900-1910, - He has a somewhat serious but proud expression on his face, as though his is flaunting the land. As the U.S. moved into the Pacific, Chinas millions represented an enticing new market, but the eruption of the anti-Christian, anti-foreign Boxer movement threatened the civilizing mission there. As the disturbance escalated, so did news coverage around the world. LAC nsk 2021-10-04 create (1 card), Printed Ephemera Collection (Library of Congress) - Anti-Imperialist League (Washington, D.C.), Horrible nightmare of a worthy old gentleman. Page updated: , 1902. American Imperialism (New York: Arno Press, 1970). 1 print : chromolithograph. The rays of the sun shine over Uncle Sam and John Bull, who clasp hands in a renewed Anglo-American alliance of Kindred Interests rooted in the English Tongue. Warships on the horizon ground their mission in naval power. - While grading a final exam a professor discovers that two students have virtually identical answers. An exceptionally vivid cartoon version of Kiplings message titled The White Mans Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling) was published in Judge on April 1, 1899. The conduct of foreign troops in China was targeted in a searing cartoon by the French artist Thophile Steinlen. Think It Over. She may be red-handed, and at times drunk, but she is there for business. Coinciding with the British reconquest of the Sudan was this cartoon drawn by Joseph Keppler, a frequent contributor to the American political satire and humor magazine, Puck. Cecil John Rhodes was born on 5 July 1853 in the small hamlet of Bishops Stortford, England. Download Image of From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler.. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. The Native: Ever since my home was burned to the ground and my wife and children shot. Frederick Thompson Richards,Life, October 18, 1900. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. America in the China Relief Expedition(Kansas City: Hudson-Kimberly publishing company, 1903). Additional images from the issue depict barbaric behavior by the multinational force that intervened in China during the Boxer Uprising. The War Prayer begins with a preacher praising the nations just and holy war, and leading his congregation in praying for victory. In the U.S., pro-imperialist graphics created the image of robotic, unstoppable American soldiers stomping on foreign lands and towering over barefoot savages. Three overlapping turn-of-the-century conflicts in particular stirred the righteous rhetoric of the white imperialists. The angel of peace and caption suggest that their joint strength will bring about world peace. The conspicuously larger size of Britannias big guns in Pucks cartoon reflects Englands leading role in imperial conquest. A laughing missionary in the lead, blood-soaked soldiers of the Allied forces tread on the bodies of women and children while carrying severed heads on a pike. The March of the Strenuous Civilization. C. S. Taylor,Life, April 11, 1901. In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is The words "Striding from Cape Town to Cairo . Tough the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must Be Cut. Udo Keppler,Puck, December 10, 1902. 3, pp. Priests Horribly Tortured. Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. If only black-and-white ("b&w") sources are listed and you desire a copy showing wotever 'll become of my ship-building monopoly, if that there Yankee is going to turn out boats like that right along? Louis Dalrymple,Puck, July 24, 1895. He talks to each student separately and tells them that he is sure that they shared answers, but he cannot be sure who copied from whom. the original in color by citing the Call Number listed above and including the catalog From the Cape to Cairo the first traverse of Africa from south to north by Ewart Scott Grogan. School Begins. Uncle Sam (to his new class in Civilization): Now, children, you've got to learn these lessons whether you want to or not! Blocking its uphill path, the Chinese dragon crawls downhill bearing a Boxer waving a bloody sword and banner reading 400 Million Barbarians. The image puts progress and primitivism on a collision course at the edge of a cliff. Stark images such as these helped make public a subject that was generally suppressed. Please use: Dr. Beasleys Calendar to book appointment times. Wrapped in Kerosene-Soaked Cotton and Roasted to Death., In this same horrified mode, the July 28 cover of Harpers Weeklya publication that carried the subtitle A Journal of Civilizationdepicted demonic Boxers brandishing primitive weapons, carrying severed heads on pikes, and trampling a child wrapped in the American flag. Office hours: By appointment only. Shortly after Kiplings poem appeared, the consistently anti-imperialist Life fired back with a decidedly different view of the white mans burden on its March 16, 1899 cover: a cartoon that showed the foreign powers riding on the backs of their colonial subjects.