83. C. positive punishment. 4. D. recall/recognition, Asking an eyewitness to describe a suspect's physical appearance to a sketch artist would be an Belinda now works in a caf and has B. B. vicarious reinforcement learning D. motor reproduction. little Albert. 36. 123. C. observational learning. A.psychological dependence. General Which of the following is true of working memory? B. positive reinforcement. A. A. narcolepsy B. Freud's psychoanalytic theory B. semantic memory/episodic memory A. "No awareness" is a state of consciousness that applies to a person who has been knocked out by a blow, anesthetized, or who has fallen into a deep, prolonged, unconscious state. If Gary described his dream to a psychotherapist, the therapist would tell him that what he had dreamed about was his fear of financial issues and not being able to pay all his bills. With this condition, he reawakens several times during the night so that he can breathe better. A. caffeine B. narcotic Its a type of mind-body medicine. Mr. Owens always sleeps restlessly, snoring and gasping during the night. A. higher-level consciousness They aggravate body pain. B. Which of the following is an example of instinctive drift? 95. C. insomnia. C. Aaron, who began drinking at age 12 with the neighborhood kids B. B. positive punishment. The visuo-spatial sketchpad acts like a supervisor who monitors which information deserves C. classical conditioning. C. the bell had become an unconditioned stimulus for food. C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. D. psychoactivity. D. observational learning, Elaine is writing a paper about reactions to the tragedy that occurred at the Twin Towers on B. self-actualization Which disorder has Jerry most likely developed? This is an example of D. glutamate. true. D. longer. Non-REM Dreams: The experience of mundane, dull, everyday events when asleep. D. Neodissociated/dissociated. 76. WebQuestion: Identify a true statement about hypnosis. C. The EEG pattern for REM sleep shows slow waves similar to those of stage 3 sleep. B. gary's concern over monthly bills D. activation-synthesis, 120. principles of classical conditioning, how will Robert likely react today when he tastes or smells the Drug addiction occurs when A. a form of problem solving in which the organism develops a sudden insight into a problem. A. stimulant B. depressants D. dreaming. she had promised earlier. Discuss the physiological and psychological effects of sleep deprivation. D. interactive-phenomenological perspective. Grandpa is displaying signs of where they were and what they were doing when they first learned of the terrorist attacks. B. somniloquy. D. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. A. metacognition. 47. C. chunks C. Divided attention is the ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged C. Your mother takes a nap after spending long hours surfing the Internet. C. attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement A. depressants What is the definition of a binge-drinking episode? B. D. an altered state of consciousness. She tells you to sit at your computer for 15 minutes and write whatever comes into your head. A. secondary accurately enough to retrieve them successfully. D. positive punishment. A. marijuana/cocaine WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. When asked to memorize the 15 letters, C I A C B S A B C F B I I R S, Mary reorganizes them into CIA, D. meditation. C. automatic processing. A. daydreaming. B. depressant Hypnosis can be used to treat alcoholism, somnambulism, depression, suicidal tendencies, post-traumatic stress disorder, migraines, overeating, diabetes, and smoking. C. Alcohol strongly affects women more than men because of the differences in body fat and stomach enzymes. B. long-term memory/short-term memory A criticism of activation-synthesis theory is that B. attention, retention, generalization, and discrimination C. frontal lobes D. learned helplessness, A ________ reinforcer is innately satisfying and it does not take any learning on the organism's part 115. C. narcolepsy. A. Maria, who is working out an algebra problem on a piece of paper, 9. D. negative punishment. A. working memory However, Belinda often finds herself referring to Jim as Soul Its a type of mind-body medicine. A neurochemical memory trace disintegrates over time. Luke, who frequently takes drugs, keeps complaining that his drapes are growing tentacles that are threatening to strangle him. B. A. fall unexpectedly into a deep sleep in the middle of daily activities. 21. C. generalization. C. stage 3 and stage 4 and his body was not prepared to take the effect under the new setting. Awareness and arousal are associated with different parts of the brain. It is the most widely used type of depressant drug. B. implicit memory. In this situation, the product is D. a flashbulb memory, Why did cognitive psychologist Jonathan Schooler suggest that the term recovered memories be Stage 5 sleep/ stage 3 and stage 4 sleep B. You don't censor yourself or how anyone could ever get these dangerous animals to be so cooperative without anesthesia. A. instinctive learning. C. Self-actualization A. exhibiting increased level of consciousness. A. C. Hypnosis is a commonly used technique for treating problems such as overeating, diabetes, and smoking. A. A. cerebellum true. C. depressants. Webtrue. A. theory of mechanism. surgery that involved removing the hippocampus and a portion of the temporal lobes of both C. the divided-consciousness view of hypnosis. Controlled processes represent the most alert state of human consciousness. _____ is a sleep disorder in which individuals stop breathing because the windpipe fails to open or because brain processes involved in respiration fail to work properly. Sexual satisfaction unconditional response for conditioning Albert to fear a white rat. Alcohol decreases the concentration of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid D. Reinforcement. B. 15. A. Nightmares/Night terrors A. dietary changes. B. activation-synthesis theory of dreaming A. classical conditioning. An individual's autobiographical memory forms the core of the individual's B. stimulus experience. B. an organism responds appropriately to stimuli that signal that a behavior will or will not be C. depressants 10 The doctor has prescribed Xanax (a depressant drug that reduces anxiety and induces relaxation). D. occur during the REM sleep. A. autobiographical C. Organisms learn behaviors implicitly, without being reinforced. C. Stage 1 sleep/stage 3 and stage 4 sleep Although dreams occur during both non-REM and REM stages, dreams are more frequently experienced in the REM stage. B. a logical information-processing system with memory buffer, short-term and long-term storage, and a complex mechanism for directing attention. Grandpa is napping in his recliner, snoring loudly, when suddenly he stops snoring. Awareness and arousal are associated with different parts of the brain. C. Decay She recently began taking medication to help A. Hallucinogens A. 3. D. semantic, . A. higher-level consciousness WebQuestion: Identify a true statement about hypnosis. B. exhibiting increased level of consciousness. B. stage 2 C. life experiences stimulate and shape dreaming more than the theory acknowledges. is still functioning. D. Stimulants. John, even though she has not spoken to John for at least four years. mother experiences headaches when she discontinues the use of caffeine is an example of of reinforcement? control over negative outcomes. C. negative reinforcement. to bed, her memories of what she had done that day are lost. Night terrors typically occur A. A. vigilance. Meditation C. fatigue. true. D. semantic memory, Jillian was in a car accident and sustained a serious head trauma. While hypnosis is often described as a sleep-like state, it is better expressed as a state of focused attention, heightened suggestibility, and vivid fantasies. C. getting into trouble with campus or local police you are asked to recall the name of a person you just met a few seconds ago, you rely on ________. Samantha tells Ava, her friend, that she should use imagery when studying. 128. C. insomnia B. rehearsal/elaboration memory. She is before, Jacob explains the rules of the game to him. attention and which should be ignored. experience. C. stage 3 sleep. They had long narrow briefcases, and they were trying to run me down!" binary consciousness. C. a person experiences unpleasant physical symptoms when using a drug. The United States has the lowest rate of adolescent drug use of any industrialized nation. A. serotonin Furthermore, it can get rid of cravings during the process, which prevents weight gain while. A. thalamus and limbic system. A. semantic memory/long-term memory D. It can produce striking perceptual changes only when taken in high doses. A. the bell had become a reflex. Night terrors/ Somnambulisms D. Stage 3 sleep/stage 1 and stage 2 sleep, C. Stage 1 sleep/stage 3 and stage 4 sleep. D. halo effect, Elsa is studying for her psychology exam with the TV on in the background. A. The two hemispheres can no longer relay information back and forth. B. will result in decreasing levels of cortisol in the body. A father takes his baby out for a walk. C. It involves a sudden, overpowering urge to sleep. You knew exactly D. are unconscious behaviors. In aversive conditioning experiments to treat alcohol addiction, every time a person drinks an B. myoclonic event. . A. behavior is a consequence of the conditioned stimulus (CS). Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. Sleep is essential for physical and psychological well-being. WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. A. an individual will lie about taking a drug. It also is called hypnotherapy. According to Sigmund Freud, dreams symbolize C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. A. nondeclarative memory C. have no effect on The nervous system is supposedly cycling through various neurological activities throughout the night, and our consciousness is just along for the ride. A. variable-interval _____ is a normal state in which the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes that a hypnotized person should behave. B. They enhance decision making. misbehavior toward his little brother decreases. B. missing class Ian repeatedly uses heroin to reduce stress and enhance the feeling of well-being. C. They increase dopamine levels in the brain's reward pathways. A criticism of activation-synthesis theory is that given level of memory encoding. C. He will want to drink more tequila right away. B. B. chunking A. the same area of the brain is involved in the functioning of implicit and explicit memory. A. A. high consciousness. A. Elaboration becomes difficult when self-reference techniques are used. C. negative punishment. A. our conscious thoughts and feelings. A. stimulants. According to the American Psychological Association's Div. 6. Which of the following statements is true of daydreaming? Unlike Freud's approach, cognitive theory does not investigate the latent content of a dream. A. more than two drinks in a row Blake smokes marijuana. B. barbiturate exemplifies A. A. Barney rapidly increases the sales of his product and ensures complete sale of his stock so Attention A. A. Retrieval C. Individuals in a hypnotic state show characteristics of people being in a relaxed waking state. B. Organisms learn the association between two stimuli. 42. This behavior suggests that Jillian's ________ is impaired, but her ________ A. Instinctive drift B. C. hallucinogen. Which of the following statements is true of marijuana? B. how cannibalized worms can pass on skills they had learned to the cannibals. Rachel Radcliff earns an annual salary of $126,000. C. depressant 32. September 11, 2001. B. retrograde amnesia. If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. B. fire C. They improve memory retention. A. amphetamine The brain's reward pathway is located in the tests include only essay questions, whereas Stacey's end-of-semester tests include only What type of long-term memory has primarily 88. A. episodic Latent Content: What a dream symbolizes. D. reflex. Hilgard's view that hypnosis involves a splitting of consciousness into two separate components, one of which follows the hypnotist's commands and the other of which acts as a "hidden observer" is known as C. sudden, uncontrollable urge to fall asleep. 35. C. Mapping out the location of your vacation destination C. negative reinforcement. Deep sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night's sleep. Which of the following regions of the brain are involved in meditation? B. Some people are more easily hypnotized than others, and some are more strongly influenced by hypnotic suggestions. A. Daydreaming lies between the subconscious awareness state and the altered state of consciousness. events and, at least in humans, information that can be verbally communicated? A. have a friend who works there. accurate? Thus, whereas Freud suggests that our dreams have deep unconscious meaning and cognitive theory claims that our dreams are an attempt to make sense of our conscious lives, activation-synthesis theory suggests that our dreams are merely a form of "cognitive trash" that has little to no meaning. What is the likely cause of these complaints? Altered states of consciousness can be produced by D.They are considered to be conscious behaviors. C. myoclonic event. D. hypnosis involves a special state of consciousness in which consciousness is split into separate components. Which category of drugs modify a person's perceptual experiences and produces visual images that are not real? Surprising as it might be, hypnosis has a high success rate on people that want to quit smoking or vaping. vocabulary words you studied last week. 107. C. Stage 1 sleep C. working memory. B. sensory memory to make it pleasurable. Since the surgery, she has B. tolerance. Daily circadian rhythms regulate a person's sleep/wakefulness cycle, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar level. 30 ( Society of Psychological Hypnosis ), hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests while treating someone, that he or she experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts or behavior. 77. B. conceptualization. B. D. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. WebA. Meditation is an altered state of consciousness or a psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions. The set is on sale for$44.95. D. It focuses on automatic, involuntary behaviors. the ________ after conditioning had occurred. A. fatigue. D. The term discovered memories avoids the negative connotations of the term recovered C. immediately forgetting relevant information. D. a behavior is no longer reinforced and decreases in frequency. According to the principles of classical A. automatic processing. While doing so, he fails to hear the doorbell, which has been ringing for five minutes. D. hippocampus and hypothalamus. B.They need more conscious effort than controlled processes. It occurs usually due to the use of sleeping pills. B. automatic processes. D. Alcohol strongly affects women more than men because of the differences in body fat and tequila bottle that he drank out of last night? The divided-consciousness view of hypnosis holds that B. dreams are random. complementary consciousness. D. neural activity begins with the brain. If she misses her daily doses of coffee, she gets a headache. C. night terror. D. discovered memory, The locations of neural activity, called ________, are interconnected. Sleepwalking occurs during ________ of the sleep cycle. Xanax is classified as a(n) Which of the following statements about classical conditioning in humans is FALSE? True. This change in her work hours C. are absent during slow-wave sleep. Later, while watching TV, she finds a solution to her problem. D. epinephrine, 99. 14. A. 87. D. They are most effective in curing somnambulism and somniloquy. WebIdentify the true and false statements about someone with split brain. remember new information better and faster. C. narcolepsy. Hypnosis is a changed state of awareness and increased relaxation that allows for improved focus and concentration. A. corpus callosum B. conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus D. highly susceptible to extinction. C. Ambien In addition to the restorative function of sleep, scientists also believe that sleep may serve an important evolutionary function. According to the serial position effect, if you are a waiter trying to remember all the orders for a, According to Sigmund Freud, dreams symbolize, ________ is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention in which the. She will minimize distractions in her office and make Mitchell comfortable. All animals require sleep. In operant conditioning, discrimination occurs when a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. 104. D. They decrease a person's appetite for food and sex. D. serotonin dependence. 18. Higher-level consciousness involves the use of controlled processing (deliberate and effortful focus on a goal). D. incubation. This state of mind is referred to as B. REM sleep decreases as the night progresses. and takes it only in his apartment. B. the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes that a hypnotized person should behave.