Of all female prosecutions, 56% were brought forward by a prosecuting authority other than the police, compared to 23% for male defendants. In the 2019/20 HM Inspectorate of Prisons survey, females reported significantly more negative results for questions related to problems on arrival at prison. In 2019, 15% of the total crime lower legal aid workload was for female clients and this proportion has remained stable over the last 5-year period[footnote 41]. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical information. Defendants with unknown or not stated sex accounted for 10% of all prosecutions in 2019. In 2019, 43% of all PSRs were written, fast delivery PSRs[footnote 52] (females 39%, males 44%). Fines accounted for 34% of females sentenced in 2019 and 33% received a community sentence, compared with 44% and 30% for males. The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2019/20 (released on the same day as this report) also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. Female homicide victims were most often between 25-34 years old (17%). In 2019, the same proportion (98%) of PNDs issued were for higher tier offences for both males and females. Of all females sentenced in 2019, Black female offenders had the highest custody rate[footnote 75] at 23%. , The overall increase in ACSL may be connected to changes in sentencing guidelines see accompanying technical guide for further details. , Statistics on case management come from Criminal Court Statistics. Youth custody report for July 2016 published. Further information on other strands of defendants prosecuted for domestic abuse, rape and child abuse can be found in the CPS Quarterly Data Summaries Quarter 4 2019/20[footnote 6]. Reported in the Judicial Diversity Statistics 2019 publication. This total includes exclusions from previous schools covered by the exclusion legislation.] Figure 4.02: Proportion of arrests within each offence group, by sex, 2019/20, Detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983)[footnote 25]. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. In 2019, there were 72,200 first receptions into prison, of which 90% were male and 10% were female. It is our intention to develop and test a new methodology that maintains our high professional standards and ensures that accurate, consistent series are available to all. Finally, children from broken common-law unions (84 percent), as well as children from Quebec (87 percent), were most likely to remain in the custody of their mothers, and there is possibly a link between these two results. SEN support replaces school action and school action plus but some pupils remain with these provision types in first year of transition. The most common sentence for summary benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 45% of females and 58% of males convicted for this offence in 2019. those who deal with civil, family law and criminal cases. Figure 5.12: Proportion of offenders sentenced to immediate custody, by custodial sentence length and sex, 2019[footnote 58]. Throughout this report we refer to sex rather than gender, because the binary classification better reflects how individuals are generally reported or managed through the CJS. Youth custody report for April 2016 published. Statistically, it appears that the family courts in the United States are biased against fathers. Females were typically dealt with for less severe offences at court. In general, the higher the proportion of students who received FSM, the higher the severity of the disposal category. Conviction ratios were higher for summary offences and as a higher proportion of female offences were summary, this in part explains the higher conviction ratio for female offenders. Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. Defendants with sex not stated accounted for 10% of all court proceedings in 2019, companies and public bodies accounted for 1%. The majority of female homicides took place in or around a house/dwelling (71%), whereas only 39% of male homicides took place here. Benefit fraud females made up 55% of the 98 summary convictions in 2019, down 3 pp from 2015. The ACSL for male offenders in 2019 was 19.7 months compared to 11.3 months for female offenders. Figure 6.03: Number of Self-harm individuals in prison per 1,000 prisoners by sex, 2015 to 2019. The majority (95%) of the prison population were male. Remands at magistrates court followed similar trends to police remands over the last 5 years, with lower proportions of female defendants bailed or remanded in custody. Therefore, to ensure comparability across year, these forces have been excluded from the calculations for the year on year change. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). This can be explained by a 7% rise for females and a 4% fall for males between 2018 and 2019. Supplementary Excel (in an Open .ods format) tables accompany the chapters, providing additional data where the figures have not previously been published (or not published in that form). Among children, 7.9% of males reported crimes against the person in 2019/20, significantly more than females did (3.7%). Custody Rate and Average Custodial Sentence Length (ACSL)[footnote 83]. All organisations within the CJS have increased female representation among senior staff over the last 5 years. The proportion of PNDs issued to females was stable at 22% until 2018 when it fell to 19% and then to 18% in 2019. The proportion of ineffective and cracked trials was higher for females (20% and 37%) than males (16% and 33%) in 2019. , Statistics used are from the CSEW 2019/20 unless stated otherwise; when differences are not referred to as statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. Contrastingly, the HMPPS HQ (and Area Services) has a majority female staff, increasing to 59% in 2020. The median offence to completion for all individual offence groups is higher for females than males except for violence against the person and theft offences. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. In 2017, the aggregate amount of child support that was expected for receipt was $30 billion; 62% of that amount was actually received, averaging $3,431 per custodial parent. Intimate reflects the nature of the relationship between victim and perpetrator or the nature or the abuse itself. Females reported better conditions and facilities than males regarding: having their own cell, clean clothes, clean sheets, relationships with staff and contacting family and friends. The female majority in Magistrates Court staff has continued to increase, also, recorded at 56% in 2020. , In some cases, such as in the prison population, the age band for children is defined differently. Consistently, White females and males had the shortest ACSL while Asian females and males had the longest ACSL for indictable offences in 2019 at 20.8 months and 28.4 months, respectively. The increasing trend for both male and female defendants who were not remanded and bailed by police has stabilised with small changes in the latest year. The figure was higher for custodial fathers at 54.6%. Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Once in prison, females generally reported a better experience when: on arrival, on the first night, induction and life on the wing. Isn't It Gender Discrimination? For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched cohort, over half received FSM. , This is not including the 96 victims of the Hillsborough disaster in 2016/17, where 89 were male and 7, female. Young male offenders had a higher proportion with SEN with a statement[footnote 105] overall (17%), compared to young female offenders (7%). Male victims were comparatively younger, with equal proportions within the 16-24 and 25-34 age groups (both 22%). , Personal crimes are those against an individual that relate to the respondents own personal experience rather than others in the household. A higher proportion of female defendants were not remanded by police, which may be due in part to the different types of offences for which females and males are prosecuted and hence the risk they are perceived as representing. In general, females appear to be substantially underrepresented throughout the CJS compared with males. , A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. Benefit fraud females made up 58% of the 1160 convictions for indictable benefit fraud offences up 2 pp from 2015. Young females had higher levels of FSM eligibility across all disposals, except for fines, compared to young males. This offence accounted for 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. This chapter reports on the trends in the composition of staff and practitioners throughout the criminal justice system (CJS) by sex. This is a slight rise in median offence to completion from 2015 for females of 2% (150 days) and a larger rise of 9% for males (149 days). Amongst those receiving cautions, discharges and fines, a greater proportion of young female offenders attained 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, than the young male group. The overall level of concordance between sentences proposed and sentences given (excluding Other) has fallen from 74% in 2017 to 68% in 2018 and was 60% in 2019. For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. It is important to note in the following analysis that there are many young people in the overall pupil population that have the characteristics described and do not go on to offend[footnote 93]. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. , The analysis in this chapter excludes defendants where age or sex is unknown unless stated otherwise. Father-headed households 400,000 families were headed by lone fathers in 2012, representing 13.5% of all single-parent households in the UK according to the Office for National Statistics. The disposal where there was the greatest difference between genders was for fines. , The data in this section refers to arrests for notifiable crimes recorded by the police. , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. A gender bias argument should not be used by a divorced father unless he has personal experience and can back up that experience with proof. For more information and statistics on criminal court timeliness please refer to the Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020 bulletin. ONS data from 2012 shows that of the UK's 400,000 single parent families, only 13.5% of these (54,000) are single dads. , Defendants with unknown age and sex are excluded. , Published figures for self-harm in prison can be found in Safety in Custody Statistics. Three-year time series refers to 2016/17 to 2018/19. Figure 8.02 Change in female prosecutions for indictable offences, by offence group England and Wales, 2015 to 2019, Figure 8.02: Summary offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. Figure 7.04: Age distribution of male and female defendants, England and Wales, 2019. In the same period, 16% of court reports prepared were for females, a proportion which has remained consistent in the last five years. Youth custody data for January 2017 published. The highest frequency rate was observed amongst female offenders aged 30 to 34, at 4.83, whilst for male offenders, it was highest in both the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups, at 4.44 reoffences per reoffender. First time offenders accounted for 24% of offenders who were cautioned or convicted In England and Wales in 2019, of which 78% were male and 22% females[footnote 88]. Youth custody report for February 2017 published. If we become concerned about whether these statistics are still meeting the appropriate standards, we will discuss any concerns with the Authority promptly. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. Well send you a link to a feedback form. Child Custody Statistics by Gender Who is most likely to be a custodial parent? , Self-declared from HR records, as at 1 April 2019. The publication aims to help practitioners, policy makers, academics and members of the public understand trends in the CJS in England and Wales, and how these vary between the sexes and over time. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. As at 30 June 2019, 15% of females and 6% of males were serving sentences of less than 12 months. , These are sourced from linked magistrates courts and Crown Court administrative data systems with a match rate of around 90%. This differs between functions within HMPPS, with the Prison Service (including Youth Custody Service) representing a lower proportion of females than the HMPPS as a whole, rising from 37% to 39%. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a larger proportion of young males (14%) had been permanently excluded compared to young females (10%). A fixed period exclusion can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period.
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